Module 4 · Foundations

Module 4: guided construction and mastery

Use this after the foundation bridge and before attempting independent practice; return to the module run instructions afterward. Read, predict, run, change, and explain. The shared runner remains the complete reference; these small steps expose its ideas.

Worked concept

For values 2, 3 and 10, the mean is 5 and median is 3. One large value moves the mean more strongly. The numerical table is evidence a chart should preserve.

Predict and construct

Predict the printed values, shape or rejection before running. Use the documented environment. The notebook contains this same runnable construction cell.

import numpy as np
learning_values = np.array([2., 3., 10.])
print("mean", learning_values.mean(), "median", np.median(learning_values))
assert learning_values.mean() == 5 and np.median(learning_values) == 3
print("after changing the largest value", np.mean([2,3,100]), np.median([2,3,100]))

Complete with less support

Construct one labeled plot from development data and supply its numeric table and a noncausal interpretation. Choose and defend its missing-value policy.

Debug a plausible misconception

Does a rising scatter pattern establish causation? Write a prediction before opening feedback. Include a counterexample or calculation, not only a definition.

Independent transfer

Explain a chart to a stakeholder outside IT using units, denominators and one alternative explanation.

Minimum mastery evidence

Keep the evidence listed in the study workflow and name the module outcome each item supports. The criteria describe developing, meeting and extending the outcome.